International Scientific and Academic Research Publisher

This study examined the relationship between strategic ambidexterity and sustainable competitive advantage among firms in Rivers State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study assessed how strategic exploration, strategic exploitation and strategic alignment contribute to firms’ capacity to achieve and sustain competitive advantage. The study was anchored on the Dynamic Capabilities Theory and Resource-Based View Theory, while a cross-sectional survey design was adopted. Data obtained from 294 usable responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis. The findings revealed that strategic exploration has a positive and significant relationship with sustainable competitive advantage, while strategic exploitation also has a positive and significant relationship and constitutes the strongest individual contributor among the dimensions examined. However, strategic alignment did not demonstrate a significant independent relationship with sustainable competitive advantage. Furthermore, the combined measure of strategic ambidexterity showed a positive and significant relationship with sustainable competitive advantage, indicating that firms benefit from simultaneously pursuing new opportunities and efficiently utilizing existing capabilities. The study concludes that strategic ambidexterity provides an important strategic pathway through which firms can strengthen their competitive position in dynamic business environments. It recommends that managers develop organizational systems that encourage continuous exploration and innovation while simultaneously improving the efficiency and utilization of existing resources and capabilities.

The accuracy of AI translation technologies can be evaluated along one linguistic dimension at a time, and this article focuses on one such dimension, namely modality. Drawing on a corpus of Chinese electronic instruction manuals and their machine and human English translations, this study conducts a contrastive analysis to examine how AI translation systems process modality and evaluates relevant prior findings. The review proceeds in three steps. It first asks whether mainstream systems provide a dedicated procedure for modality and finds that they do not, so output quality still rests on statistical modelling. It then asks what kind of text a manual is and finds that manuals are organised around the directive function, which makes modal expressions appear frequently, especially imperatives. It finally compares the modal systems of the two languages and finds that Chinese and English do not divide modality in the same way, so a given modal meaning has no fixed formal counterpart. The strength of a marker is therefore a matter for the translator to judge in context. Comparisons of human and machine output have registered modal shifts and over-forceful warnings, but most of them remain commentaries on single examples. The only large-scaled quantitative study dates from the statistical MT era and has not been repeated since. A gap therefore remains. Before translating, current systems cannot establish which functional category a sentence belongs to, whether instruction, caution or prohibition, and so cannot choose modal strength from the range that category allows. By linking modal strength to functional categories, this study offers a criterion for future comparisons and a basis for revising machine-translated output before it reaches readers.

Background: Umbilical cord length is routinely recorded after delivery but seldom considered before it, despite growing evidence that both short and long cords carry obstetric risk.

Objective: To review the association between umbilical cord length and adverse obstetric outcomes, examine the biological mechanisms underlying it, and assess whether cord length can be evaluated antenatally.

Methods: A narrative review of the literature on cord length, morphometry, coiling and cord accidents, drawing on population registries, cohort and autopsy series, and ultrasound and artificial-intelligence studies, appraised for definitions, measurement timing and confounding.

Result: Adverse outcomes cluster at both extremes rather than rising linearly. Short cords were associated with caesarean delivery (38.8%), fetal distress (29.9%) and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission (16.4%), with unplanned caesarean risk increasing progressively as length falls and placental abruption raised in term births (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.72–2.73). Long cords act chiefly through mechanical opportunity, increasing wrapping, looping and knotting. Cord accidents accounted for 10% of possible or probable stillbirth causes, more commonly beyond 32 weeks, though published estimates vary widely. Lean cords occurred in 73.8% of IUGR fetuses versus 11.3% of normally grown fetuses. Absolute length is measurable only in the first trimester (r² = 0.89); three-dimensional estimation does not predict it, whereas coiling, diameter and insertion are assessable in routine examinations.

Conclusion: Cord length is best understood as a marker of fetal movement, placental development and the intrauterine environment rather than a single pathological variable. Routine measurement is not yet justified; a composite assessment of cord morphology, supported by standardised definitions and prospective cohorts, offers the more realistic path forward.

The paper approaches Rural Tourism and Agritourism through the concept of the triple equilibrium, known as “the win-win-win papakonstantinidis model”

From this perspective, the dual nature of Rural Tourism and Agritourism is analyzed, and an attempt is made to adapt the model to these two aspects.

For this, a bridge between rural tourism and the win-win-win papakonstantinidis model is necessary

 Rural tourism is in the core of the win-win-win application. From this point of view rural tourism is in the focus. That presupposes that the local community builds up a “new local standard,” based on local people’s sensitized instant reflection behavior. By its turn, sensitized behavior must be considered in the frame of any “bargain”, between two, taking place inside the Community

Behind Rural Tourism, a philosophy has risen concerning sensitization, social trust, self-organization, empathy, collective re-action, social equity^[1]

Social trust and social cohesion conditions (sensitization process) within the Community turned-up to develop the necessity of building social capital at the local level and the win-win-win attitudes.

This study examined the degree to which principals of secondary schools in the Haifa District in the Palestinian interior practice participative leadership, the level of organizational silence among teachers, and the relationship between the two variables. It also investigated differences in participants’ responses according to gender, academic qualification, and years of experience. A descriptive-correlational design was adopted. The study population consisted of 3,287 teachers, from whom a random sample of 410 male and female teachers was selected. Data were collected using two questionnaires. Participative leadership was examined through administrative performance, human relations, and decision-making, whereas organizational silence was examined through protective silence, acquiescent silence, and defensive silence. The findings showed that the overall degree of participative leadership was high (M = 3.42), with human relations ranking first (M = 3.70), followed by administrative performance (M = 3.40) and decision-making (M = 3.16). Organizational silence was moderate overall (M = 3.04); protective silence ranked first (M = 3.35), followed by acquiescent silence (M = 2.90) and defensive silence (M = 2.86). No statistically significant differences were found in estimates of participative leadership or organizational silence attributable to gender, academic qualification, or years of experience. Pearson correlation results indicated statistically significant positive associations between participative leadership and the dimensions of organizational silence (all p < .001). The study recommends strengthening participative leadership practices, broadening teachers’ involvement in decision-making, and creating psychologically safe school environments that encourage teachers to voice ideas, concerns, and suggestions.